Mu bihe bya none, aho ikoranabuhanga rihindura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, ikibazo cy'umutekano w'amakuru ni kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi bihangayikishije abantu benshi. Urubuga rw'amakuru n'ubuzima bwo kuri interineti bikomeje kugenda byiyongera, kandi hakunze kubaho ibibazo by'ubujura bw'amakuru (data breaches). Ibi bikorwa, aho amakuru y’abantu yibwa cyangwa akajya hanze mu buryo butemewe, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'abantu, cyane cyane mu by’ubukungu no mu by’imyirondoro. Kumenya niba amakuru yawe yaragiye hanze ni ingenzi kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bishobora guterwa n'iyo myitwarire mibi.

1. Ibimenyetso byerekana ko amakuru yawe ashobora kuba yagiye hanze

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza ko amakuru yawe ashobora kuba yaragiye hanze bigaragara mu buryo butandukanye. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe abantu batabimenya ako kanya, birashoboka kubona ibimenyetso bikwereka ko ibintu bitagenda neza.

• Emails cyangwa telefoni zitunguranye: Iyo ubona ubutumwa bwanditse cyangwa telefone utemerewe cyangwa utigeze utegura, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko amakuru yawe yagiye hanze. Abo bashaka kugukoresha mu buryo butemewe bashobora gukoresha amakuru yawe batakugishije inama.
• Ibikorwa bitunguranye ku makonti yawe: Iyo utabonye ibikorwa bihuza n’ibyo wakoze mbere kuri konti yawe, nk'uburyo bwo gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa konti za banki, biba ikimenyetso gikomeye ko amakuru yawe ashobora kuba yaragiye hanze.
• Amagambo y'ibanga atakiri gukora: Iyo usanze utabasha kwinjira mu mbuga cyangwa muri porogaramu wakoreshaga mbere, kandi warabimenye neza ko wayinjiyemo, bishobora kuba byerekana ko abantu baciye ku makuru yawe, ugomba gufata ingamba vuba.

2. Uburyo wakora imenyekanisha ku muryango w’amakuru yawe

Iyo umaze kubona ibimenyetso by'ibibazo bishobora gukurura inkeke, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ubushakashatsi ku makuru yawe kugira ngo umenye niba ari impamo ko yagiye hanze.

• Gukoresha serivisi zikurikirana amakuru yagiye hanze: Hari serivisi zishobora kugufasha kugenzura niba amakuru yawe yaragiye hanze. Urugero ni urubuga rwa Have I Been Pwned, aho ushobora kwandika email yawe ukareba niba yagiye mu nyandiko y’ubujura bw’amakuru. Izi serivisi zitanga amakuru ku bikorwa byo gushakisha amakuru yawe mu buryo bwihuse.
• Kugenzura imbuga nkoranyambaga n'urubuga rw’ubujura: Ushobora kandi kugenzura niba amakuru yawe ari ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa ku mbuga zihuza abantu bo mu isi y'ibicucike (dark web). Iyo amakuru yawe agiye hanze, abajura bashobora kuyashyira ahantu nk’aha bakayacuruza cyangwa kuyakoresha mu buryo butemewe.
• Gukoresha amakuru ku mbuga zishinzwe gushakisha ibibazo by'amakuru: Benshi bashobora no kugerageza gushaka amakuru yawe ku rubuga rw'ibigo bisanzwe bitanga serivisi zo gusuzuma amakuru yawe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Ibi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucunga ubuzima bwawe ku buryo bwizewe.

3. Ibyo wakora iyo amakuru yawe yagiye hanze

Iyo umaze kumenya ko amakuru yawe yagiye hanze, birakenewe ko wihutira gufata ingamba z’ibanze kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bikomeye bishobora gukurura ikibazo cy’ihungabana ku buzima bwawe.

• Guhindura amagambo y'ibanga byihutirwa: Iyo usanze amakuru yawe yaragiye hanze, ingamba za mbere ugomba gufata ni uguhindura passwords zawe byihuse. Koresha uburyo bwo kubika amagambo y’ibanga hakoreshejwe password manager kugira ngo utazongera kugira ikibazo mu guhindura cyangwa gukoresha amagambo y’ibanga.
• Guhamagara no kumenyesha ibigo byaba bifitanye isano: Iyo amakuru yawe yagiyemo, ni byiza kubimenyesha ibigo bifitanye isano, cyane cyane ibigo by’imari cyangwa ibigo byita ku buzima bwawe. Ibi bizafasha gutangira ibikorwa byo gukumira izindi ngaruka.
• Kugenzura imikorere ya konti zawe: Ni byiza gukurikirana imikorere ya konti zawe kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibikorwa bitunguranye cyangwa bitari byitezwe. Ukoreshe uburyo bwo kugenzura amakonti yawe no kubona ibimenyetso byihuse bishobora kugufasha gusubiza ibintu ku murongo.

4. Ingamba zo kurinda amakuru yawe mu bihe bizaza

Kurinda amakuru yawe ni ingenzi cyane kuko icyiza ni ukwirinda ibyago aho kuba mu guhangana nabyo. Gukora cyane mu rwego rwo gukumira ibibazo bizagufasha kugira umutekano mwinshi.

• Gukoresha uburyo bwa Two-Factor Authentication: Uburyo bwa two-factor authentication bwemewe ku mbuga zose bukurinda by’ukuri. Gushyiraho iki gikorwa bizafasha kongera umutekano ku makuru yawe igihe utangiye gukoresha izo serivisi.
• Guhindura amagambo y'ibanga kuri buri gihe: Ni byiza gukomeza guhindura passwords zawe igihe cyose ubonye amakuru atemewe kuri konti zawe. Ibi bizagufasha kugumana amakuru yawe ku mutekano.
• Gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubika amagambo y'ibanga: Igihe wifuza kubika amagambo y'ibanga yawe, gukoresha uburyo bwa password manager bizagufasha kurinda amakuru yawe kandi bigatuma umutekano w’ibanga wawe uba mwinshi.