Mu mateka y’isi, habayeho ubwami bwinshi bwagize imbaraga zikomeye, bugira uruhare mu guhindura imico, ubukungu, intambara n’imiyoborere y’abantu. Nubwo nta bwami bwigeze butegeka isi yose, hari ubwagize ubutaka bunini, ububasha bukomeye ndetse n’ingaruka zikigaragara kugeza uyu munsi.

Dore bumwe mu bwami bukomeye bwanditse amateka adasanzwe.

1. Ubwami bwa Misiri ya Kera (Ancient Egypt)

Igihe bwatangiye: Ahagana mu mwaka wa 3100 mbere ya Yesu
Igihe bwarangiye: Umwaka wa 30 mbere ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Hafi imyaka 3000 mu bihe bitandukanye
Abayobozi bazwi: Pharaohs nka Narmer, Ramses II na Tutankhamun

Ubwami bwa Misiri ya kera ni bumwe mu butegetsi bwa mbere bwakomeye ku isi. Abami babo bazwi nka Pharaohs bari bafite ububasha bukomeye kandi bayoboraga igihugu cyari gishingiye ku ruzi rwa Nile.

Abanyamisiri bakoze ibintu bikomeye birimo kubaka piramide, guteza imbere ubuvuzi, imibare, inyandiko n’ubwubatsi.

Uwarangiyeho ubwami:
Ubwami bwa Misiri bwagiye bugabanuka buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kwigarurirwa n’abandi bategetsi. Mu mwaka wa 30 mbere ya Yesu, Misiri yigaruriwe n’Abaroma nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa Cleopatra VII.

2. Ubwami bwa Babiloni (Babylonian Empire)

Igihe bwabayeho: 626 – 539 mbere ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Imyaka hafi 87
Umwami ukomeye: Nebukadineza II (634–562 mbere ya Yesu)

Ubwami bwa Babiloni bwabaye bumwe mu bwami bukomeye bwo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Ku butegetsi bwa Nebukadineza II, umujyi wa Babiloni wabaye umwe mu mijyi ikomeye kandi iteye imbere ku isi ya kera.

Nebukadineza II azwiho kwagura ubwami no guteza imbere ubwubatsi. Ni na we uvugwa mu mateka y’Abayahudi kubera gufata Yeruzalemu no kujyana abantu mu bunyage.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Mu mwaka wa 539 mbere ya Yesu, Babiloni yatsinzwe n’Abaperesi bayobowe na Cyrus the Great.

3. Ubwami bw’Abaperesi (Achaemenid Persian Empire)

Igihe bwabayeho: 550 – 330 mbere ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Imyaka 220
Abayobozi bakomeye: Cyrus the Great, Darius I na Xerxes I

Ubwami bw’Abaperesi bwabaye bumwe mu bwami bunini bwo mu bihe bya kera. Cyrus the Great ni we wabutangije kandi yubatse uburyo bukomeye bwo kuyobora uturere twinshi.

Ubwami bwageze muri Aziya, Misiri ndetse no mu bice by’u Burayi. Bazwiho kubaka imihanda, gutunganya ubuyobozi no guteza imbere ubucuruzi.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Mu mwaka wa 330 mbere ya Yesu, Alexander the Great yatsinze Umwami Darius III maze ubwami bw’Abaperesi buragwa.

4. Ubwami bwa Alexander the Great (Macedonian Empire)

Igihe bwabayeho: 336 – 323 mbere ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Imyaka 13
Umuyobozi: Alexander the Great (356–323 mbere ya Yesu)

Alexander the Great ni umwe mu bayobozi b’ingabo bazwi cyane mu mateka. Yabaye umwami wa Macedoniya afite imyaka 20 gusa, ariko mu gihe gito yubaka ubwami bwagutse cyane.

Yigaruriye u Bugereki, Misiri, Ubuperesi ndetse agera no mu bice bya Aziya. Intambara ze zatumye umuco w’Abagereki ukwirakwira mu bice byinshi by’isi.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Alexander mu mwaka wa 323 mbere ya Yesu, ubwami bwe bwacitsemo ibice kubera amakimbirane hagati y’abajenerali be.

5. Ubwami bw’Abaroma (Roman Empire)

Igihe bwabayeho: 27 mbere ya Yesu – 476 nyuma ya Yesu (mu Burengerazuba)
Igihe bumaze: Imyaka irenga 500 mu gice cy’Iburengerazuba
Umwami wa mbere: Augustus Caesar (63 mbere ya Yesu – 14 nyuma ya Yesu)

Ubwami bw’Abaroma ni bumwe mu bwami bwagize uruhare rukomeye ku isi. Bwayoboye ibice byinshi by’u Burayi, Afurika y’Amajyaruguru n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati.

Abaroma bazwiho amategeko, imihanda, ubwubatsi n’imiyoborere byagize uruhare mu mateka y’isi.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Mu mwaka wa 476 nyuma ya Yesu, umwami Romulus Augustulus yakuwe ku butegetsi na Odoacer, bituma ubwami bw’Abaroma bw’Iburengerazuba burangira.

6. Ubwami bw’Abamongoli (Mongol Empire)

Igihe bwabayeho: 1206 – 1368 nyuma ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Imyaka 162
Umuyobozi wabutangije: Genghis Khan (1162–1227)

Ubwami bw’Abamongoli ni bwo bwagize ubutaka bunini cyane kurusha ubundi bwami bwose bwakomeye mu mateka.

Genghis Khan yahuje amoko y’Abamongoli maze yubaka ingabo zikomeye zigaruriye uduce twinshi twa Aziya n’u Burayi.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Ubwami bwagiye bugabanywamo ibice nyuma y’urupfu rwa Genghis Khan. Mu Bushinwa, ingoma ya Yuan yahiritswe mu 1368 n’ingoma ya Ming.

7. Ubwami bw’Abottomani (Ottoman Empire)

Igihe bwabayeho: 1299 – 1922 nyuma ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Imyaka 623
Umuyobozi wabutangije: Osman I

Ubwami bw’Abottomani bwabaye bumwe mu bwami bumaze igihe kirekire. Bwayoboye ibice bya Aziya, Afurika y’Amajyaruguru n’u Burayi.

Mu gihe cya Suleiman the Magnificent, bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mbaraga n’ubutunzi.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Bwarangiye mu mwaka wa 1922 nyuma ya Yesu nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi, ubwo ubutegetsi bushya bwa Turukiya bwakuragaho ubwami.

8. Ubwami bw’Abongereza (British Empire)

Igihe bwakomeye cyane: Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 17–20 nyuma ya Yesu
Igihe bumaze: Hafi imyaka 400
Umuyobozi uzwi cyane: Umwamikazi Victoria (1819–1901)

Ubwami bw’Abongereza bwabaye bumwe mu bwami bwagutse cyane ku isi. Mu gihe cyabwo, bwagenzuraga uturere twinshi muri Afurika, Aziya, Amerika n’ahandi.

Bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu bucuruzi, inganda n’itumanaho.

Uwarangijeho ubwami:
Ntabwo bwarangiye umunsi umwe, ahubwo bwaragabanutse nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi (1939–1945), ubwo ibihugu byinshi byabonaga ubwigenge.

Ubwami bukomeye bwo mu mateka bwerekana uburyo ubuyobozi, ingabo, ubukungu n’ubumenyi bishobora gutuma igihugu kigira imbaraga zikomeye. Ariko amateka atwereka ko nta bwami buramba iteka.

Bimwe byaguye kubera intambara, ibibazo by’ubukungu, amakimbirane y’abayobozi cyangwa impinduka mu isi. Nubwo byarangiye, umurage wabyo uracyagaragara mu mategeko, umuco, ubwubatsi n’imiyoborere y’iki gihe.