Interineti ni urusobe runini cyane, rukomatanyijeho ibice byinshi bitandukanye by’itumanaho rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa. Ni uburyo bwagutse bwo guhererekanya amakuru no gusangira ibitekerezo mu buryo bwihuse kandi butaziguye ku isi hose. Intangiriro zayo zishingiye ku mishinga ya gisirikare y’Amerika mu myaka ya za 1960, aho yabaye igisubizo cyo guhuza ibigo bitandukanye by’ubushakashatsi. Nyuma yaho, iterambere ryateye imbere ku buryo ubu interineti iba nk’umuyoboro w’itumanaho wa buri wese.

Ibice by'ingenzi bigize Interineti

Interineti ikora hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya hardware byinshi harimo imiyoboro ya fibre optic, za router, za modem, hamwe na seriveri z’ibanze zikwirakwiza amakuru. Uretse ibyo, software protocols ziba zigenzura uko amakuru atwarwa, uburyo ahuzwa, ndetse n’uburyo atambutswa hagati y’ibice bitandukanye by’umuyoboro. Izi protocols ni zo zifasha gukora interineti mu buryo buboneye kandi bwizewe.

Uko amakuru atambuka ku Interineti

Mu gukwirakwiza amakuru kuri interineti, hakoreshejwe uburyo buzwi nka "packet switching" aho amakuru ashyirwa mu bice bito byitwa packets. Izi packets zigenda zinyuranya inzira zitandukanye z’umuyoboro kugeza zigeze aho zigomba kugera. IP addresses ni nomero zihabwa buri gikoresho ku muyoboro, zigafasha kumenya aho amakuru agomba koherezwa. DNS (Domain Name System) nayo ikaba ifasha guhindura amazina y’imbuga za internet aboneka na muntu mu buryo bworoshye, agahindurwa muri IP address.

Ibyerekeye Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP)

TCP/IP ni urutonde rwa protocols (amabwiriza) zigenzura uburyo amakuru atwarwa kuri interineti. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ifasha mu kugenzura ko amakuru yoherejwe akirwa nta kibazo, mu gihe IP (Internet Protocol) ishinzwe gutanga aderesi n’uburyo amakuru agomba kugera aho yerekeza. Izi protocols zombi ni zo zishingirwaho mu gukora no gusakaza interineti.

Abatanga serivisi za Interineti (ISPs) n’uburyo bwo kwihuza

ISPs ni amasosiyete atanga uburyo bwo kwinjira kuri interineti. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwabo, harimo abatanga serivisi zikoreshwa n’abakiriya ku giti cyabo, abatanga serivisi ku bigo, ndetse n’abandi bacuruzi bakora mu rwego rw’itumanaho. Uburyo bwo guhuza interineti buratandukanye, burimo gukoresha umurongo wa telefone (DSL), fibre optic, wireless, na satellite, bitewe n’aho umuntu aherereye n’ubushobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga.

Uruhare rwa Web Browsers na Seriveri

Web browsers ni porogaramu zifasha umuntu gushakisha no kwinjira mu mbuga za interineti. Zifungura amakuru akenewe mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwihuse. Ku rundi ruhande, seriveri ni za mudasobwa zikomeye zibika amakuru y’imbuga, zikanayatanga ku bakoresha basabye ayo makuru. Izi seriveri zikorana n’abakoresha bifashishije protocols zemewe, bigatuma interineti ikora neza.

Umutekano n’ubwirinzi kuri Interineti

Interineti ifite ibyago bitandukanye by’umutekano nko kwibwa amakuru, virusi, na cyber-attacks (ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga). Ni ingenzi gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda nko gukoresha firewall, encryption, ndetse n’amasoko yizewe y’amakuru. Kugira ngo ubwirinzi bubashe kugerwaho, abantu n’ibigo bagomba kumenya ingaruka zituruka ku kwirengagiza umutekano no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kurinda amakuru yabo.