Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 6 Kanama 1945, abaturage b’umujyi wa Hiroshima mu Buyapani bari batangiye undi munsi usanzwe. Ariko muri uwo munsi, ibintu byari bigiye kuba byahindura amateka y’isi yose.

Hashize iminsi itatu gusa, ku ya 9 Kanama, undi mujyi witwa Nagasaki nawo wibasiwe n’intwaro ya nuclear. Ibyo byabaye mu minsi ya nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, kandi byabaye ubwa mbere kandi kugeza ubu bwonyine intwaro za nuclear zakoreshejwe mu ntambara.

Ariko se ni iki cyari cyabaye mbere y’iyo minsi ibiri?

Intambara yari imaze imyaka myinshi

Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yari yatangiye mu 1939, igahuza ibihugu byinshi byo hirya no hino ku isi. Mu 1945, Ubudage bwari bumaze gutsindwa, ariko intambara hagati y’Abayapani n’ibihugu byari biyobowe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yari igikomeje.

Abayapani bari barakomeje kurwana nubwo ibihugu byari bishyigikiye Amerika byari bimaze kugira intsinzi nyinshi muri Pacific.

Muri icyo gihe, Amerika yari imaze imyaka myinshi ikora ubushakashatsi ku ntwaro nshya yari ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe.

Wasoma n'iyi: Impamvu n'amateka y'intambara ya mbere y'isi

Umushinga Manhattan watumye haboneka intwaro nshya

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, zifatanije n’abahanga bo mu bindi bihugu, zari zakoze umushinga w’ibanga witwaga “Manhattan Project”.

Intego yawo yari ugukora intwaro ikoresha ingufu ziva mu gucagagura nuclei z’atom, ibintu byari bitandukanye cyane n’intwaro zari zisanzweho.

Ubushakashatsi bwageze ku ntsinzi, maze ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1945 Amerika igerageza bwa mbere igisasu cya atomic mu butayu bwa New Mexico. Igeragezwa ryiswe “Trinity”.

Nyuma y’icyo kigeragezo, intwaro yari imaze kugaragaza ko ishobora kugira ingaruka nini cyane yari yiteguye gukoreshwa.

Ku ya 6 Kanama: Hiroshima

Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 6 Kanama 1945, indege y’ingabo z’Amerika yitwa Enola Gay yageze hejuru ya Hiroshima itwaye atomic bomb yiswe “Little Boy”.

Ahagana saa munani n’iminota 15, iyo bomb yaratewe.

Igisasu cyateje guturika gukomeye cyane kandi igice kinini cy’umujyi kirangirika. Abantu benshi bahita bapfa, abandi benshi bakomereka, kandi abaturage benshi basigara badafite amazu cyangwa ubuzima bari bamenyereye.

Hiroshima yari umujyi ukomeye mu Buyapani, ufite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, inganda n’igisirikare. Kuba waribasiwe byagaragaje ko intambara yari yinjiye mu kindi gihe, aho intwaro imwe yashoboraga kugira ingaruka ku mujyi wose.

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Nagasaki ikurikiraho

Nyuma ya Hiroshima, abayobozi b’u Buyapani ntibahise bemera ibyo Amerika yasabaga.

Ku ya 8 Kanama 1945, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zatangaje intambara ku Buyapani, ibintu byongeye gushyira u Buyapani mu bibazo bikomeye.

Bukeye bwaho, ku ya 9 Kanama, Amerika yateye indi atomic bomb, yiswe “Fat Man”, kuri Nagasaki.

Nagasaki nayo yagize igihombo gikomeye cy’abantu n’ibikorwa remezo, nubwo igisasu kitaguye mu gace kari hagati mu mujyi nk’uko byari biteganyijwe kubera imiterere y’akarere n’imisozi.

Impamvu ibi byahinduye amateka

Ibitero bya Hiroshima na Nagasaki ntabwo byari gusa ibyabaye mu mijyi ibiri. Byahinduye uburyo isi yabonaga intwaro n’intambara.

Mbere yabyo, ibihugu byari bimaze kumenyera intambara zirimo indege, tanks n’intwaro zikomeye. Nyuma ya 1945, isi yamenye ko intwaro ya nuclear ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kigero kinini cyane mu gihe gito cyane.

Ni bwo hatangiye neza icyo bita “Nuclear Age”, cyangwa igihe isi yatangiye kubaho izi ko hari intwaro zishobora kurimbura abantu benshi cyane.

Abantu bapfuye bari bangahe?

Umubare nyawo w’abapfuye ntiworoha kuwumenya neza kuko abantu bapfiriye ku munsi w’ibitero ndetse n’abandi bapfuye nyuma bazize ibikomere n’ingaruka z’imirasire.

Muri rusange, amateka n’ubushakashatsi bitanga imibare itandukanye, ariko abantu barenga ibihumbi magana bahisemo ubuzima bwabo muri Hiroshima na Nagasaki hamwe, haba ako kanya ndetse no mu gihe cyakurikiyeho.

Hari n’abarokotse b’ibyo bitero bazwi nka “hibakusha”. Ubuzima bwabo bwabaye igice gikomeye cy’amateka y’ibi bitero, cyane cyane mu kugaragaza ingaruka z’igihe kirekire z’intwaro za nuclear.

U Buyapani bwemeye gutanga

Nyuma y’ibyo bitero ndetse n’itangazwa ry’intambara n’Abasoviyeti, Umwami Hirohito yatangaje ko u Buyapani buzareka kurwana.

Ku ya 15 Kanama 1945, abaturage b’Abayapani bumvise bwa mbere ijwi ry’Umwami wabo ritangaza ko igihugu cyemeye guhagarika imirwano. Kwishyira hasi ku mugaragaro kwasinywe ku ya 2 Nzeri 1945.

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Ibi byashyize iherezo ku Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose.

Nyuma y’intambara, isi yatangiye gutekereza ku bundi buryo

Hiroshima na Nagasaki byasize ikibazo gikomeye cy’amateka: ese gukoresha atomic bomb byari bikenewe kugira ngo intambara irangire vuba, cyangwa hari ubundi buryo bwari bushoboka?

Iki ni ikibazo cyakomeje kugibwaho impaka n’abahanga mu mateka kugeza n’uyu munsi. Bamwe bavuga ko ibitero byafashije gutuma intambara irangira vuba no kwirinda igitero kinini ku butaka bw’u Buyapani. Abandi bavuga ko u Buyapani bwari bumaze kuba mu bihe bikomeye kandi ko hari ubundi buryo bwo kurangiza intambara.

Icyakora, icyo amateka agaragaza neza ni uko Hiroshima na Nagasaki byahinduye isi burundu.

Uyu munsi, Hiroshima na Nagasaki ntabwo ari amazina y’imijyi gusa. Ni ibimenyetso by’igihe intwaro nshya yahinduye amateka y’isi, kandi byabaye isomo rikomeye ku byiza n’ingaruka z’ubushobozi bwa muntu bwo gukora intwaro zifite imbaraga zidasanzwe.

Amateka y’iyo minsi aracyigisha ikintu kimwe: ikoranabuhanga rishobora guhindura isi mu buryo budasanzwe, ariko uburyo abantu bahitamo kurikoresha ni bwo bugena byinshi mu ngaruka zaryo.