Ikoranabuhanga rya GPS (Global Positioning System) ni uburyo buhambaye bwifashisha icyogajuru mu kumenya aho umuntu cyangwa igikoresho giherereye ku isi. Ryatangijwe bwa mbere n’igisirikare cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1978, ariko ubu rimaze kuba ingenzi mu mibereho ya buri munsi.

Uko isi igenda yegera cyane ku ikoranabuhanga, ni nako GPS igenda ifata umwanya wihariye mu buzima bwa muntu. Telefoni zigezweho zifite ubushobozi bwo kwerekana aho uherereye mu buryo bw’ako kanya, byaba mu kugenzura imigendere, gusangiza abandi aho uri, cyangwa gutegura ingendo.

Uko GPS ikora ku rwego rw’Isi

GPS igizwe n’ibyogajuru hafi 31 bizenguruka isi buri kanya. Buri cyogajuru cyohereza ibimenyetso by’igihe n’aho giherereye ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane. Telefoni yawe isoma ibyo bimenyetso ikabihuza n’amatangazo aturuka ku bindi byogajuru bine cyangwa birenze.

Iyo telefoni ikusanyije amakuru y’ibi byogajuru byinshi, ikoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga buhambaye bwo kubara intera hagati yayo n’icyogajuru. Uburyo bumenyerewe ni triangulation, aho uherereye hakagaragara hashingiwe ku buryo ibimenyetso bitinze kugera kuri telefoni.

Indangantego z’aho uherereye: Uko Telefoni yimenya

Telefoni igarura aho uherereye hifashishijwe anteni zayo z’imbere zitanga ubushobozi bwo kwakira no gusesengura ibimenyetso bya GPS. Izi anteni zikora mu buryo buzirikana cyane ku bwitonzi n’ubugari bw’ikirere.

Iyo ibimenyetso bimaze kwakirwa, igikoresho gikoresha algorithm zibara aho uherereye ku buryo busobanutse. Ubushishozi bw’ubu buryo butuma igarura amakuru mu masegonda make, bikayigira igikoresho cyizewe mu kumenya aho umuntu aherereye.

Ikoranabuhanga ryunganira GPS mu kumenya aho uherereye

Mu duce turi mu nyubako cyangwa ahatagera neza GPS, telefoni yunganirwa n’izindi tekinoloji zunganira:

• Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS): Iyo ufite Wi-Fi ifunguye hafi, telefoni ikoresha ahantu harangwa n’iyo Wi-Fi kugira ngo yemeze aho uri. Ibi birakoreshwa cyane mu nyubako zifunze.
• Cell Tower Triangulation: Telefoni igenzura intera iri hagati yayo n’iminara ya telefoni. Iyo igize iminara itatu cyangwa irenze yegereye, irabihuza maze ikamenya aho uri.
• Bluetooth Beacons: Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu maduka manini cyangwa ibibuga by’indege. Ibirango bya Bluetooth bigufasha kumenya aho uherereye mu rwego ruto, bigatanga amakuru y’ahantu nko mu nyubako imbere.

Impamvu GPS ijya iba itizewe

Nubwo GPS ari ikoranabuhanga rihambaye, hari igihe ridatanga amakuru y’ukuri 100%. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye:

• Imihindagurikire y’ikirere: Ibicu bikabije, imvura nyinshi cyangwa imirasire y’izuba yihariye ishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bigera ku gikoresho bitinze cyangwa bigakurwaho burundu.
• Inzitizi zishingiye ku nyubako: Inyubako ndende, amashyamba cyangwa imisozi miremire bishobora kubangamira imigendekere y’ibimenyetso. Ibi bituma aho uherereye hatagaragara neza cyangwa hagashyirwa ahari hafi hagenwe.

Umutekano n’amabanga y’ahantu

Amakuru y’aho umuntu aherereye ni ay'ingenzi kandi agomba kwitabwaho mu bijyanye n’umutekano wihariye. Telefoni n’amaplikasiyo asaba uburenganzira bwo gukoresha GPS, kandi amategeko menshi y’igihugu ategeka ko ayo makuru atagomba gukoreshwa nabi.

Hari ibyago byinshi bishobora guterwa n’abantu batabifitiye uburenganzira bashobora gukurikirana umuntu. Ibyo bigaragara cyane mu bihe by’ubutasi bwa tekinoloji cyangwa ubucuruzi budakwiriye. Ni ingenzi gucunga uko amakuru ya GPS akoreshwa, bikajyana no kumenya aho uyatanze n’icyo akoreshwa.

Ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya aho uherereye

Iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere cyane mu bijyanye no kumenya aho umuntu aherereye. Harateganywa GPS ishingiye ku byogajuru bihagaze hejuru cyane bigenda byegereza interineti y’ibintu (IoT) no gukoresha isanzure mu buryo bwagutse.

Ibi bizatuma ibikoresho byose bifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya aho biherereye neza, hatitawe ku kuba biri hanze cyangwa mu nzu. Serivisi z’ubwikorezi, ubutabazi, ubuhinzi bushingiye kuri drone, n’ibindi byinshi bizarushaho kungukira muri ubu buhanga.