Kuva kera ku isi habayeho ibitekerezo bivuga ko
abagore badafite ubushobozi bungana n'ubw'abagabo, ariko ubushakashatsi bwinshi
bwerekana ko hari ibintu byinshi abagore bashobora gukora neza kurusha abagabo.
Abagore bakunze gufatwa nk'abahanga mu gukora ibintu
byinshi icya rimwe kurusha abagabo, ndetse bakabarusha kwihangana.
Uretse ubuhanga bwavuzwe haruguru, abagore ni abahanga
mu gukemura ibibazo, gutegura, kwita ku bandi bantu, n'ibindi byinshi.
Ibi ntibivuze ko abagabo nabo badakora ibintu byinshi
neza kurusha abagore, ariko muri iyi nkuru turareba ibintu 10 byagaragaye ko
abagore bakora neza kurusha abagabo:
1.
Imirimo myinshi icyarimwe
Abagore bashoboye gukora ibintu birenze kimwe
icyarimwe, kandi ibi bigaragarira mu mirimo itandukanye yo mu rugo bakora,
urugero nko guteka, konsa, gusukura no kwita ku muryango icyarimwe.
Ariko niba ufite gushidikanya kuri ibi, Kaminuza ya
Glasgow yatanze ibimenyetso bya siyansi bigaragaza ko abagore mu by'ukuri ari
bo bashobor agukora byinshi kurusha abagabo.
Ubushakashatsi bw'iyo kaminuza bwasabye ababwitabiriye
gutegura gahunda yo gushaka imfunguzo zabuze mu gihe basubiza ibibazo
bitunguranye kuri telefoni.
Keith Laws, umwarimu wa neuropsychology [Cognition and
emotion] muri Kaminuza ya Hertfordshire akaba n'umwe mu banditse ubwo
bushakashatsi yagize ati:
"Abagore bagaragaje amakuru y'ingenzi agaragaza
ko bashobora gukora neza imirimo irenze umwe isaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo
kugenzura ubwenge."
Ibimenyetso bya siyansi byerekana imiterere y'abagore
bigaragaza ko ubwo bushobozi buterwa n'uko ku bwonko bw'abagore hari isano
ikomeye hagati y'uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'ubwonko n'urw'iburyo.
Impande zombi z'ubwonko zishinzwe imikorere
itandukanye.
Uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'ubwonko rushinzwe imitekerereze
n'isesengura, mu gihe uruhande rw'iburyo rushinzwe guhanga no gusobanukirwa
ibintu mu buryo bwihariye.
2:
Ni abanyeshuri beza kurusha abagabo
Nubwo abagore bashobora kuba atari abanyabwenge cyane
kurusha abagabo, bagaragara ko ari abanyeshuri beza kurusha abandi, nk'uko
ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara na Kaminuza ya Georgia na Kaminuza ya
Columbia bubigaragaza.
Ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abakobwa bitwaye neza
mu masomo kurusha abahungu bitewe n'uburyo bwabo bwo kwiga - bibanda ku bintu
nko kwihangana, ubushake bwo kwiga, ubworoherane no gutegura gahunda.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu kwiga abagore bazi
gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo kwibuka neza igihe
kirekire kurusha abagabo.
Ibi bituma bibuka amakuru menshi no kubika amakuru
igihe kirekire.
Ibi biterwa n'uko abagore bafite 'grey matter' nini mu
bwonko bwabo kurusha abagabo. 'Grey matter' ni igice cy'ingenzi ku bwonko mu
kwakira, kubika no gutunganya amakuru no gufata ibyemezo.
Abagore kandi bakunze gukoresha impande zombi
z'ubwonko bwabo mu gihe biga, ibi bikabaha ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru
neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko abagore biga vuba
kurusha abagabo, kandi bakabika amakuru menshi uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Abagore kanzi bafite ubushobozi bwo gushungura ibintu
bibabaza mu buryo bunoze.
Ibi bituma bamenya amakuru neza kandi bakiga vuba. Ibi
byose hamwe bituma abagore baba abanyeshuri beza kurusha abagabo, nk'uko buriya
bushakashatsi bubivuga.
Rero, niba ushaka umuntu wo kukwigisha ubuhanga bushya
cyangwa kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi, umugore ni we mahitamo meza kuri
wewe.
3:
Amahirwe menshi yo kurangiza amasomo
Ibi biterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye, nk'uko buriya
bushakashatsi bubivuga.
Abagore bagira urugero rwo hejuru rw'imisemburo ya
'estrogen' ifitanye isano no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwibuka. Ibi byose
bishobora gutuma umugore agira icyo ageraho mu ishuri.
Nubwo amahirwe menshi yo kuba abagore barangiza
amashuri ya kaminuza, mu mbogamizi bahura na zo harimo ivangura mu kazi. Ibi
bishobora gutuma bigorana kubona akazi nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri.
Indi mbogamizi ni uko abagore bakunze guhembwa make
ugereranyije n'abagabo.
Ibi bishobora kugorana kwishyura inguzanyo
z'abanyeshuri no kwishyurira amashuri yisumbuye.
Abagore byagaragaye ko barusha abagabo igipimo mu
by'ubwenge (IQ) - bakaba bahabwa amahirwe menshi mu masomo menshi ya kaminuza.
4:
Guhangana na 'stress' kurusha abagabo
Hari impamvu nke zibitera. Iya mbere, 'stress' cyangwa
umujagararo ni ikintu gisanzwe mu buzima bw'abagore.
Bamenyereye gukora imirimo myinshi no gufata
inshingano nyinshi, bityo baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kugira ubushobozi bwo
guhangana na 'stress'.
Icya kabiri, abagore bakunze kuba abanyabwenge mu
by'amarangamutima kurusha abagabo, bityo bakabasha kumenya ibibazo no
kubikemura neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko ubwonko bw'abagore
mu by'ukuri bufite uburyo butandukanye n'ubwonko bw'abagabo mu guhangana na
'stress' nk'uko Keith Laws abivuga.
Iri tandukaniro riha abagore akarusho mu guhangana na
'stress' mu buryo bwiza.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko stress (umujagararo) ari
ikintu gisanzwe mu buzima bw'abagore, ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko bagomba kurwara.
Abagore bafite ubumenyi bukwiye bwo guhangana
n'ibibazo ndetse n'uburyo bwo kubashyigikira, bashobora guhangana n'ibibazo mu
buryo bubanogeye.
5:
Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukomeye
Impamvu abagore bagira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
bukomeye ntabwo irasobanuka neza, ariko hari ibisobanuro bimwe na bimwe
abahanga batanga.
Imwe mu mpamvu itangwa n'ubushakashatsi ni uko abagore
bagomba guhangana n'imihango ya buri kwezi, imibiri yabo imenyereye guhangana
n'ibintu bitera umuhangaiko mu mubiri.
Byagaragaye kandi ko imisemburo ya estrogen yongera
ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, mu gihe testosterone (imisemburo y'abagabo) ishobora
kubugabanya.
Abagore bafite uturemangingo twinshi tw'ubudahangarwa
bw'umubiri kurusha abagabo. Utwo turemangingo dufasha kurwanya indwara. Icya
nyuma, umubiri w'abagore ukora poroteyine nyinshi zirwanya indwara kurusha
abagabo, ibyo bikabafasha kurwanya indwara neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abagore bakora
uturemangingo tw'amaraso twinshi kurusha abagabo, ibyo bikaba bibafasha
kurwanya indwara neza.
Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko abagore bafite
'chromosome' ebyiri za X mu gihe abagabo bafite chromosome imwe ya X n'imwe ya
Y. Chromosome y'inyongera ishobora kongera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri w'abagore.
Ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw'umubiri w'abagore bushobora
kuva ku ruvange rw'ibintu bibaha inyungu karemano iyo bigeze ku kugira ubuzima
bwiza.
6:
Bakora neza mu itumanaho kurusha abagabo
Inzobere mu itumanaho zivuga ko muri rusange, abagore
ni abantu bazi kuvuga neza kurusha abagabo mu itumanaho.
Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bugaragaza ko ibi
bishobora guterwa n'uko abagore bakunda kuba abanyabwenge mu by'amarangamutima
kurusha abagabo, bityo bakaba bashobora kumva no gusubiza mu buryo bukora ku
marangamutima y'uwo babwira.
Abagore kandi bakunda gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvugana
cyane kurusha abagabo, ibyo bikaba byafasha mu gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo byabo.
Kandi iyo bigeze ku itumanaho ritari iryo mu magambo,
abagore bongeye kugira akarusho.
Bakunda gukoresha isura n'ibimenyetso byinshi,
bishobora gufasha gusobanura neza ubutumwa bashaka gutanga.
7:
Abagore bararamba
Ibarurishamibare rigereranya ko abagore babaho igihe
kirekire kurusha abagabo, mu busanzwe, nibura imyaka igera kuri itanu kurusha
abagabo.
Iri tandukaniro riterwa ahanini n'ibintu bikomoka ku
turemangingo n'imisemburo, ariko amahitamo y'imibereho na yo agira uruhare,
nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwa Kaminuza ya Glasgow bubivuga.
Abagore bakunda kujya kwa muganga ngo basobanukirwe
ubuzima bwabo kandi bakabwitaho mu mirire kurusha abagabo. Ibi byose bigira
uruhare mu gutuma abagore baramba.
Steven Austad, impuguke mpuzamahanga mu bijyanye no
gusaza akaba n'umukuru w'ishami ry'ibinyabuzima muri Kaminuza ya Alabama,
yagize ati: "Hafi ya buri myaka, abagore basa n'aho bameze neza kurusha
abagabo."
Mu myaka igera kuri 20, amaze kwiga kimwe mu bintu
bizwi cyane kandi bitamenyerewe cyane ku birebana n'ibinyabuzima by'abantu: ko
abagore baramba kurusha abagabo.
Ububiko bwe bw'amakuru bwerekana ko hirya no hino ku
isi ndetse no kuva kera cyane, abagore bararamba kurusha abagabo ho imyaka
itanu cyangwa itandatu.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Bwongereza n'ibyavuye mu
bushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu 2018 bwagaragaje ko mu bihe bikomeye nk'inzara,
indwara n'ubucakara, abagore bashobora kubaho igihe kirekire kurusha abagabo.
Abagore babaho igihe kirekire mu turere twinshi
Mu Bwongereza abagore babaho ikigereranyo cy'imyaka 83
- abagabo 79
Mu Rwanda abagore baramba ku myaka 70 - abagabo 67 (
imibare ya 2024)
8:
Kumva neza
Abagore ni abantu bumva neza kubera impamvu
zitandukanye. Muri rusange abagore bihangana cyane, bareba mu maso cyane, kandi
ntibabangamira umuntu iyo avuga nk'uko abagabo babigenza. Izi mico zituma bumva
neza icyo umuntu avuga, kandi bakumva amarangamutima ari inyuma y'amagambo
avuga kurusha abagabo.
Ibi bishobora kuba ingenzi cyane mu mibanire y'abantu
ku giti cyabo ndetse n'iy'akazi. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya
Maryland bwagaragaje ko abagore ari bo bumva neza kurusha abagabo.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru PLOS ONE,
bwagaragaje ko abagore bashoboraga kwibuka amakuru menshi n'ibisobanuro
birambuye igihe bumvaga ikiganiro. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iri tandukaniro
rishobora guterwa n'uburyo abagabo n'abagore batunganya amakuru.
Abagore bakunze gukoresha impande zombi z'ubwonko
bwabo iyo bateze amatwi, mu gihe abagabo bakoresha uruhande rw'ibumoso gusa.
Umwanditsi mukuru w'ubushakashatsi, Dr. Lauren Human,
yavuze ko ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko "abagore ari bo
bamenyereye cyane imirimo imwe n'imwe yo gutega amatwi." Yongeyeho ko
ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku nzego nk'ubuvuzi
n'amategeko, aho ubuhanga bwo gutega amatwi ari ngombwa.
Nubwo ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bishimishije, ni
ngombwa kwibuka ko hari ibindi bintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu gutuma umuntu
aba umuntu utega amatwi neza. Rero, ntugahangayike niba utari umugore - hari
ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kuba umuntu utega amatwi neza!
9:
Ubuhanga mu gukemura ibibazo
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abagore ari bo bashoboye
gukemura ibibazo kurusha abagabo. Ibi biterwa nuko abagore bakunda gukoresha
uburyo bwo gufatanya mu gukemura ibibazo, mu gihe abagabo bakunda gukoresha
uburyo bwo guhangana.
Abagore kandi bakunze gutekereza ku bibazo mu buryo
buhanga kandi bwuzuye, mu gihe abagabo bakunze gutekereza mu buryo busesenguye
kandi busobanutse.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Michigan
bwagaragaje ko abagore bitwaye neza kurusha abagabo mu kizamini cyo gukemura
ibibazo igihe bahabwaga amabwiriza abashishikariza gutekereza ku bundi buryo
bwo gukemura ibibazo.
Abanditsi b'ubushakashatsi banzuye bavuga ko
"abagore bashobora kuba beza mu gukemura ibibazo kuko ari bo bashobora
gufata inzira yoroshye kurusha abagabo."
Bashobora kurenga inyungu zabo bwite no gushaka
ibisubizo bibereye buri wese.
Bafite uburyo butandukanye bwo kureba ibintu mu buryo
bwagutse no gushaka ibisubizo by'ibibazo bigoye. Abagore bagiye bagaragazwa,
inshuro nyinshi, ko ari bo bakemura ibibazo neza ugereranyije n'abagabo.
Imwe mu mpamvu zigaragaza impamvu ibi ari ukuri ni
uburyo ubwonko bw'abagore bwaremwe. Byagaragaye ko abagore bafite ubwonko
bukomeye bw'ibumoso n'iburyo butuma babona ibibazo mu buryo butandukanye.
10:
Abagore ni "abayobozi" beza
Ku bijyanye n'akazi, abagore bafite ibintu byinshi
bahuriyeho n'abagabo. Benshi muri bo bita ku bandi kandi bakaba abanyampuhwe
kurusha abagabo, bigatuma babasha guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye no kubaka
umubano ukomeye n'abo bakorana.
Abagore bakunze kuba inshuti kurusha abagabo, ibyo
bikaba bishobora kuba ingenzi mu myanya y'ubuyobozi.
Bakunda kandi kugira ubuhanga bwo gutumanaho, ibyo
bikaba byafasha mu gutanga ibitekerezo cyangwa gutanga amakuru y'ingenzi.
Kandi kubera ko abagore ari bo bakemura ibibazo neza,
bashobora gushakisha ibisubizo by'ibibazo bigoye no gufata ibyemezo bigirira
akamaro abakozi babo.
Iyi migirire yose ituma abagore baba abayobozi beza.

Ibitekerezo
Nta gitekerezo kiratangwa kuri iyi nyandiko. ba uwambere gutanga igitekerezo!
Tanga igitekerezo