Muri buri ntambwe y’iterambere ry’isi, ibitekerezo byahinduye amateka byagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhindura imibereho y’abatuye isi. Uhereye ku gitekerezo cyoroshye nk’igikoresho cyo kuvoma amazi, kugera ku ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, udushya twahaye abantu ubushobozi bwo gutsinda imbogamizi no kugera ku nzozi zabo.

Uko imyaka yagiye itambuka, udushya twagiye dusigira abantu umurage w’ingirakamaro. Nubwo hari udushya dusa n’utwibagiranye, hari n’utundi twagiye duhindura imiterere y’isi ku buryo dufite uruhare runini n’uyu munsi. Ibi bivuze ko amateka atari ibintu byo kureba inyuma gusa, ahubwo ni isoko y’ibitekerezo n’amasomo akwiye gusigasirwa no kurindwa.

Ikinyabiziga cy’inyabutatu

Ikinyabiziga ni kimwe mu byahinduye amateka y’abantu mu buryo budasubirwaho. Cyazanywe mu bice bya Mesopotamia (ubu ni muri Iraq) ahagana mu kinyejana cya 4 mbere ya Yesu Kristu, kigira uruhare mu gutwara ibintu, abagenzi, no gukomeza ubucuruzi hagati y’uturere dutandukanye.

Imiterere yacyo isanzwe ni ishusho y’inyabutatu igenda izunguruka ku murongo, yoroheje ingendo, yihutisha ubuhinzi binyuze mu gukoresha amagare y’inyabutatu, n’imodoka. Ibikoresho bishingiye ku cyuma cy’inyabutatu, birimo imashini z’inganda, indege, n’imodoka, byabaye umusingi w’iterambere ry’inganda n’ubucuruzi bw’isi yose. Nta cyari kuba cyihuta nta gitekerezo cy’inyabutatu.

Kwihutisha itumanaho binyuze mu inyandiko

Mu kinyejana cya 15, Johannes Gutenberg yakoze icapiro ry'ibanze rishingiye ku nyuguti zishyirwa ku murongo, rihindura burundu uburyo ubumenyi bwakwizwaga mu bantu. Ibi byatumye ibitabo bitakigira agaciro k'abanyabwenge gusa, ahubwo bigera no ku baturage basanzwe.

Kwiyongera kw’ibitabo byanditse byateye imbere kw’iyigishwa ry’amasomo, igabanuka ry’ubujiji, ndetse n’ivugabutumwa rikaba ryaragiriye umumaro imiryango myinshi. Uko kwiyongera kw’amakuru kwabaye nk’umusingi w’impinduramatwara zishingiye ku bwenge n’ukwemera, birimo n’impinduka mu miyoborere no mu mategeko.

Amashanyarazi

Amashanyarazi, nubwo atari igitekerezo kimwe gifite inkomoko imwe, yahindutse igicumbi cy’iterambere ry’ikiremwamuntu. Ibitekerezo bya Faraday, Edison, na Tesla byahaye isi ubushobozi bwo kugera ku rumuri rw’ijoro, gukora imirimo itandukanye y’inganda, ndetse no gutwara ibintu hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho.

Ubuzima bwa none bwose bushingiye kuri iyi mbaraga y'amashanyarazi. Uhereye ku mucyo mu nzu, imashini z’imodoka, serivisi z’ubuzima, kugeza ku byuma bikonjesha, byose bishingiye kuri iki gitekerezo cyatanzwe mu myaka amagana ishize. Ni intandaro y’impinduka y’ubuzima bugezweho.

Mudasobwa

Mudasobwa zagiye zivuka gahoro gahoro, zigira inkomoko mu byuma byoroshye byifashishwaga mu kubara, nka abacus, bikagera kuri za mainframes mu kinyejana cya 20. Ubu ni kimwe mu bikoresho byagize uruhare runini mu mateka y’ikiremwamuntu.

Zifashishwa mu gutunganya amakuru, gufata ibyemezo, kwigisha, ndetse no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye mu by’ubukungu, ubuzima, ndetse no mu bwubatsi. Mudasobwa zabaye inkingi y’ikoranabuhanga, ibigo n’abantu kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’imikorere n’imikoranire. Ubu ntaho umuntu yagera atagizemo uruhare rwa mudasobwa.

Interineti

Interineti ni imwe mu mpinduka zidasanzwe z’ikinyejana cya 20. Yatangiye nk’uburyo bw’igisirikare bwo guhanahana amakuru (ARPANET), ariko yahindutse isoko nyamukuru y’ubumenyi, ubucuruzi, n’imibanire.

Ubu isi yose iba nk’umudugudu umwe, aho umuntu wo mu Rwanda ashobora kuganira, gukora cyangwa guhaha hamwe n’umuntu uri muri Amerika cyangwa Aziya mu gihe cy’amasegonda. Interineti yahinduye imyumvire y’akazi, y’amasomo, ndetse n’imibanire y’abantu. Ni ihuriro ry’ubuhanga ridasanzwe.