Leonardo da Vinci, izina rizwi mu buryo bukomeye, ni urugero rw’umuhanga ufite impano nyinshi. Nubwo benshi bamumenya kubera ibikorwa bye by’ubuhanzi, by’umwihariko "Mona Lisa" na "The Last Supper", yabayeho atari gusa umucuzi w’ibihangano, ahubwo yari umushakashatsi, umuvumbuzi ndetse n’umwigisha w’ubumenyi. Uyu mugabo w'ubuhanga bwihariye yakomeje kugera ku byo benshi batatekerezaga ko bishoboka mu bihe bye, ariko igikomeye ni uko ibyo yakoze bigihindura byinshi mu bijyanye ‘ubugeni, ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga kugeza magingo aya. Inshingano ze zitandukanye n’imikorere ye bituma akomeza kwitabwaho n’abantu b’ingeri zose, bakumva ko igihango cye cyihariye kizamuka iteka.

Ubuzima bwa Leonardo da Vinci

Amavu n’amavuko
Leonardo da Vinci yavukiye mu mugi wa Vinci, mu Butaliyani, ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1452. Yavutse ari umwana w’umugabo wari noteri (Piero da Vinci) n’umugore wo mu rwego rw’abakene witwaga Caterina. Nubwo atavukanye umutungo, yagiye abona amahirwe yo gukurira mu muryango w’umutunzi, bituma agira amahirwe yo kubona uburezi bwiza bw’umwihariko. Ibi byamufashije kugera ku bumenyi buhambaye, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ubugeni.

Ubumenyi n’amahugurwa
Leonardo yatangiye kwiga ku myaka 14, aho yagiyeyo muri atelye ya Andrea del Verrocchio, umuhanzi w’umuhanga mu mujyi wa Florence. Ibi byamufashije cyane mu kumenya ibijyanye no guhanga, gukora ibishushanyo, ndetse no kwiga iby’umubiri n’inyamaswa. Muri iyi atelye, yigishijwe uburyo bwo guhuza imibereho n’ubwenge bw’umuntu n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, bituma ahanga uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku gucukumbura ibintu byose byihariye.

Ibihe by’ingenzi mu buzima bwe
Leonardo yakoze ibikorwa byinshi bikomeye mu buzima bwe. Yagize uruhare runini mu guhanga ibihangano bihambaye, ndetse yahawe amasoko y’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi n’abami, abacuruzi ndetse n’abafite ubutunzi muri Florence na Milan. Muri ibyo bihe, yakoraga ibishushanyo by’ubwiza bw’imibereho y’umuntu, nka “Mona Lisa” n’ “Imana Nyobozi” (The Last Supper), ibikorwa byamubereye ishema kandi bikagira ingaruka zikomeye kuri benshi.

Ibihangano n’ibikorwa by’ingenzi

Ibyo yakoze mu buhanzi
Leonardo da Vinci ni umwe mu bahanga ba mbere mu gukora ibishushanyo bigaragara nk’iby’ubuzima. Ikimenyetso cy’ibihangano bye gikomeye kirimo "Mona Lisa", ifatwa nk’ishusho ya mbere y’umuntu yerekana ibyiyumvo birushijeho. Benshi bita iyi shusho iy’umugore ukwiye kugaragaza ubwisanzure mu buryo bw’ubwiza bw’isura. Uruhare rwe mu guhanga uburyo bwo gukora ibishushanyo bihamye byashyize imikoreshereze ya "sfumato" imbere, agashyiramo uburyo bw’umucyo buhura neza, butuma igishushanyo kigaragara nk’icy’ukuri.

Ibitekerezo by’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga
Leonardo ntago yari umucuzi gusa, ahubwo yari n’umushakashatsi w’intwari. Mu bitabo bye, ashyiramo uburyo bw’ubumenyi bw’inyamaswa, gucunga ibinyabuzima, ndetse na gahunda z’ubumenyi bw’umubiri w’umuntu. Urebye inyandiko ze, harimo igitekerezo cyo gukora indege, indege y’ubwoko bwa helikopter, ndetse na kabine ikora nk’indege, igishushanyo cyavuyemo ibyifuzo by’umwihariko byatangiye kugira akamaro nyuma y’imyaka myinshi.

Uko ibihangano bye byagize uruhare
Ibihangano bya Leonardo byagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’ubuhanzi, ubuvuzi, no mu bumenyi bw’ubuzima. Uko yakoraga ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’imikurire y’umubiri w’umuntu, cyane cyane mu gice cyo gutandukanya igice cy’umutima, byahinduye uburyo abantu batekerezaga ku nkingi za siyansi. Mu buhanzi, uburyo bwe bwo gukoresha ubwenge mu kumva no gukora ibishushanyo bitandukanye byabaye isoko y’ubumenyi.

Ihirwe rya Leonardo da Vinci

Uko ibihangano bye byarenze ku buhanzi gusa
Leonardo da Vinci utaravuzwe gusa kubera ubuhanzi, ahubwo yamenyekanye no mu bundi buhanga bugezweho. Ibyo yakoze bigaragaza uburyo yahuza ibikoresho by’ubwenge n’ibikorwa by’umwimerere, bituma ibihangano bye bigira impinduka ku bijyanye n’uburyo bw’ibishushanyo, ubumenyi bw’imibereho, n’iyandikwa ry’ibikorwa bya siyansi.

Ingaruka byagize ku muco
Ibihe byo mu gihe cy’ubugeni bwa Renaissance byamufashije kumvikanisha ishusho y’umuntu wabashije guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubuzima. Uburyo yakoreshaga amashusho, kandi akongeramo ubwenge muri buri kintu, byatumye igihugu cye cyohereza ibishushanyo n’ubuhanga muri byinshi. Kugera kuri ibi byose byamufashije kumvikana ku isi yose.

Uburyo ibyo yakoze byavuzwe n’abantu batandukanye
N’ubwo yabayeho igihe kirekire, ibyo yakoze biracyari mu nyandiko no mu bikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga. "Mona Lisa" ibonekerwa mu nzu ndangamurage, ibyo yagize mu kubyara ibitekerezo by’ubumenyi bigishobora gufasha abantu benshi kugeza magingo aya.

Impamvu Leonardo da Vinci akomeje kumenyekana uyu munsi

Uko ubwenge bwe bwagiye butuma akundwa
Leonardo da Vinci yamenyekanye kubera uburyo yagendaga atekereza ku buryo bwinshi, ndetse akamenya kugaragaza ibintu mu buryo butandukanye. Si we muhanzi gusa, ahubwo yahamirije abandi kuba abahanga bakora cyane mu bice bitandukanye by’ubumenyi.

Ubuvumbuzi n’uruhare rw’ibanga mu buzima bwe
Leonardo da Vinci akomeza gukundwa n'uburyo abantu bakomeje gukurikirana ibanga ryinshi ryari mu buzima bwe. Nubwo yagaragaje ibikorwa bihambaye, hari byinshi bitagaragaye neza, bigatuma abantu bakomeza kumwibazaho. Ibyo byatumye habaho umwihariko mu buryo ibikorwa bye byaganiriweho n'abahanga ndetse n'abanditsi, kuko hari byinshi bikiri mu ibanga, nk'ibyo yanditse mu bitabo bye atigeze ashyira hanze cyangwa agashyira mu bikorwa. Uko inyandiko ze zisohoka, niko impaka n'ubushakashatsi bikomeza gukorwa, bigatuma agira ikimenyetso gikomeye mu mateka.